Theory | Relaxation Matrix
Solomon Equations:
The relaxation matrix is constructed following the Solomon equations for a spin j interacting with N-1 spins:

where rj=S (i n.e. j)rij. Written in matrix form, under the presence of homonuclear interactions (for which Izj(t)=Szi(t)) or strong heteronuclear decoupling fields (for which Szi(t)=0)), the Solomon equations resemble:

Matrix Formalism:
The matrix, R, is composed of elements Rij = rj and Rij = sij. Matrix elements may be computed using the coefficients, clk, and correlation times, tlk, shown in Table 1.

Elements, rj and sij, are calculated from the transition rates, W0, W1, and W2, of the dipolar interaction between spins i and j.

The rate matrix may be separated into contributions arising from the respective Hamiltonians of the interactions of interest. For example, one is able to separate contributions to the rate matrix from the dipolar and chemical shift Hamiltonians.

Dipolar Contributions:
The formulation of the dipolar transition rates, W0ij, W1ij, and W2ij, from the elements of Table 1 follows,

where dl is 1, hl is 0, and rij is the distance between spins i and j.

CSA Contributions:
The CSA contributes to the rj terms of the relaxation matrix as an R1 effect. The CSA contribution consists of the anisotropy (d) and asymmetry (h) of the symmetric tensor component, and the antisymmetry (rX,Y,Z) of the antisymmetric componenet of the chemical shift tensor. The isotropic component of the chemical shift tensor does not contribute to R1.

Shown below is a review of the contributions to the chemical shift tensor from the symmetric and antisymmetric components.

where,

and,

For a spin, j, the R1 CSA contributions may be assembled from Table 1 as follows,

Table 1: Shown below are a summary of the spectral density coefficients, clk, and correlation times, tlk, for rank one and two tensor interactions. Symbols, rlX,Y,Z, represent antisymmetric tensor properties of the rank one interaction, l. dl and hl represent the anisotropy and symmetry, respectively, of the rank two interaction, l.

l k tlk clk
1
+1






-1



0
2
+2






-2

1
+1






-1



0

Tumbling Regimes:
Anisotropic tumbling is represented by the angular components (a, b, and g) in the coefficients shown in Table 1. These angles define the projections of spectral density onto the coordinate axes of the diffusion frame. Isotropic tumbling may be represented by averaging the angular components over the unit sphere.


YARM Implimentation: